Ground level ozone formation mostly occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), react in the atmosphere in the presence of UV (sunlight). Motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents are the major sources of these pollutants in urban areas, although winds can carry NOx hundreds of kilometers, causing ozone formation to occur in less populated regions as well. Ground level ozone can be harmful to human health in higher concentrations with the NIOSH recommended exposure limit for ozone to be 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3).
Taking a look at the California ozone data in 2005 from the California Air Resources Board (CARB), we see that the data are composed of date, location, concentration, and spatial geometry columns. This spatial geometry data allows us to use GIS mapping packages, such as leaflet used here, to plot our data across a spatial area.
| Index | Date | Site | O3 | geometry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20050808 | 2008 | 0.044 | POINT (-120.0258 34.4622) |
| 2 | 20050808 | 2013 | 0.081 | POINT (-119.7413 36.7055) |
| 3 | 20050808 | 2016 | 0.035 | POINT (-121.7333 36.4819) |
| 4 | 20050808 | 2032 | 0.080 | POINT (-119.2908 36.3325) |
| 5 | 20050808 | 2040 | 0.053 | POINT (-117.1289 32.8364) |
| 6 | 20050808 | 2077 | 0.077 | POINT (-117.1477 34.0588) |
| 7 | 20050808 | 2088 | 0.051 | POINT (-119.3152 34.2805) |
| 8 | 20050808 | 2094 | 0.059 | POINT (-121.2688 37.9516) |
| 9 | 20050808 | 2102 | 0.041 | POINT (-121.8836 38.0169) |
| 10 | 20050808 | 2105 | 0.027 | POINT (-122.7091 38.4436) |
| 11 | 20050808 | 2114 | 0.090 | POINT (-119.5036 36.5975) |
| 12 | 20050808 | 2115 | 0.069 | POINT (-121.8422 39.7575) |
| 13 | 20050808 | 2123 | 0.057 | POINT (-121.3811 38.7122) |
| 14 | 20050808 | 2125 | 0.029 | POINT (-122.2033 37.4824) |
| 15 | 20050808 | 2143 | 0.052 | POINT (-121.773 38.5352) |
| 16 | 20050808 | 2160 | 0.083 | POINT (-118.1277 34.1322) |
| 17 | 20050808 | 2199 | 0.068 | POINT (-116.4899 33.8194) |
| 18 | 20050808 | 2208 | 0.078 | POINT (-120.1847 39.3274) |
| 19 | 20050808 | 2221 | 0.096 | POINT (-117.2736 34.1066) |
| 20 | 20050808 | 2225 | 0.019 | POINT (-122.2672 37.8013) |
| 21 | 20050808 | 2249 | 0.065 | POINT (-117.9522 33.9252) |
| 22 | 20050808 | 2263 | 0.061 | POINT (-117.0753 33.1278) |
| 23 | 20050808 | 2266 | 0.094 | POINT (-117.4922 34.1005) |
| 24 | 20050808 | 2293 | 0.035 | POINT (-121.9616 37.5358) |
| 25 | 20050808 | 2312 | 0.097 | POINT (-118.8505 35.3458) |
| 26 | 20050808 | 2320 | 0.057 | POINT (-121.5752 36.9997) |
| 27 | 20050808 | 2321 | 0.036 | POINT (-120.8428 35.3664) |
| 28 | 20050808 | 2327 | 0.060 | POINT (-116.9424 32.7908) |
| 29 | 20050808 | 2329 | 0.032 | POINT (-122.1939 37.0119) |
| 30 | 20050808 | 2360 | 0.036 | POINT (-120.4577 34.6377) |
| 31 | 20050808 | 2368 | 0.051 | POINT (-117.2633 32.9524) |
| 32 | 20050808 | 2373 | 0.029 | POINT (-122.3977 37.7661) |
| 33 | 20050808 | 2410 | 0.030 | POINT (-122.238 38.1025) |
| 34 | 20050808 | 2420 | 0.105 | POINT (-118.5327 34.1991) |
| 35 | 20050808 | 2429 | 0.047 | POINT (-118.1894 33.8241) |
| 36 | 20050808 | 2460 | 0.078 | POINT (-116.7683 32.8422) |
| 37 | 20050808 | 2484 | 0.084 | POINT (-117.9239 34.1364) |
| 38 | 20050808 | 2485 | 0.095 | POINT (-117.6288 34.1033) |
| 39 | 20050808 | 2492 | 0.079 | POINT (-118.3169 34.1758) |
| 40 | 20050808 | 2494 | 0.067 | POINT (-118.4566 34.0505) |
| 41 | 20050808 | 2499 | 0.094 | POINT (-117.2755 34.2413) |
| 42 | 20050808 | 2525 | 0.081 | POINT (-117.2277 33.7888) |
| 43 | 20050808 | 2551 | 0.077 | POINT (-115.5631 32.7922) |
| 44 | 20050808 | 2583 | 0.048 | POINT (-118.2108 33.9288) |
| 45 | 20050808 | 2589 | 0.052 | POINT (-117.0592 32.6314) |
| 46 | 20050808 | 2593 | 0.059 | POINT (-120.0733 34.6077) |
| 47 | 20050808 | 2596 | 0.101 | POINT (-117.4152 34.0005) |
| 48 | 20050808 | 2613 | 0.038 | POINT (-121.9791 37.228) |
| 49 | 20050808 | 2622 | 0.028 | POINT (-122.5183 37.9727) |
| 50 | 20050808 | 2628 | 0.046 | POINT (-121.3622 36.8433) |
| 51 | 20050808 | 2650 | 0.089 | POINT (-117.2861 34.4158) |
| 52 | 20050808 | 2655 | 0.033 | POINT (-122.2941 38.3113) |
| 53 | 20050808 | 2671 | 0.036 | POINT (-120.6322 35.1239) |
| 54 | 20050808 | 2709 | 0.034 | POINT (-120.6578 35.2822) |
| 55 | 20050808 | 2731 | 0.078 | POINT (-121.3678 38.6136) |
| 56 | 20050808 | 2744 | 0.062 | POINT (-121.998 39.1888) |
| 57 | 20050808 | 2752 | 0.056 | POINT (-122.6336 41.7267) |
| 58 | 20050808 | 2772 | 0.085 | POINT (-119.0167 35.4381) |
| 59 | 20050808 | 2804 | 0.041 | POINT (-121.6413 38.0066) |
| 60 | 20050808 | 2806 | 0.029 | POINT (-122.0305 37.6541) |
| 61 | 20050808 | 2829 | 0.059 | POINT (-122.3808 40.5514) |
| 62 | 20050808 | 2830 | 0.115 | POINT (-117.5897 34.425) |
| 63 | 20050808 | 2831 | 0.043 | POINT (-122.0247 37.9391) |
| 64 | 20050808 | 2833 | 0.082 | POINT (-120.9942 37.6419) |
| 65 | 20050808 | 2844 | 0.094 | POINT (-119.8828 36.8417) |
| 66 | 20050808 | 2849 | 0.099 | POINT (-117.8499 34.1444) |
| 67 | 20050808 | 2878 | 0.059 | POINT (-116.2158 33.7083) |
| 68 | 20050808 | 2880 | 0.089 | POINT (-118.6836 34.2761) |
| 69 | 20050808 | 2891 | 0.093 | POINT (-121.1055 38.9394) |
| 70 | 20050808 | 2894 | 0.038 | POINT (-121.1152 36.2269) |
| 71 | 20050808 | 2898 | 0.099 | POINT (-117.75 34.0666) |
| 72 | 20050808 | 2899 | 0.064 | POINT (-118.2267 34.0664) |
| 73 | 20050808 | 2914 | 0.050 | POINT (-122.9219 39.033) |
| 74 | 20050808 | 2919 | 0.068 | POINT (-119.4027 35.0513) |
| 75 | 20050808 | 2923 | 0.079 | POINT (-117.0244 34.8938) |
| 76 | 20050808 | 2933 | 0.041 | POINT (-116.9383 32.5516) |
| 77 | 20050808 | 2937 | 0.056 | POINT (-117.9258 33.6738) |
| 78 | 20050808 | 2941 | 0.094 | POINT (-118.7758 35.2086) |
| 79 | 20050808 | 2943 | 0.082 | POINT (-117.3309 33.6763) |
| 80 | 20050808 | 2954 | 0.051 | POINT (-120.1963 34.5275) |
| 81 | 20050808 | 2955 | 0.071 | POINT (-120.6549 35.6147) |
| 82 | 20050808 | 2956 | 0.077 | POINT (-121.2647 38.7461) |
| 83 | 20050808 | 2957 | 0.063 | POINT (-119.7911 34.5416) |
| 84 | 20050808 | 2958 | 0.063 | POINT (-121.6191 39.1388) |
| 85 | 20050808 | 2965 | 0.061 | POINT (-120.6681 35.4917) |
| 86 | 20050808 | 2968 | 0.068 | POINT (-120.3786 37.9819) |
| 87 | 20050808 | 2969 | 0.039 | POINT (-121.8422 37.3913) |
| 88 | 20050808 | 2972 | 0.061 | POINT (-121.5764 40.5372) |
| 89 | 20050808 | 2973 | 0.024 | POINT (-122.1163 37.7099) |
| 90 | 20050808 | 2977 | 0.054 | POINT (-121.4208 38.3025) |
| 91 | 20050808 | 2981 | 0.082 | POINT (-119.2725 35.5036) |
| 92 | 20050808 | 2983 | 0.061 | POINT (-121.1717 36.4991) |
| 93 | 20050808 | 2984 | 0.065 | POINT (-118.87 34.2099) |
| 94 | 20050808 | 2985 | 0.036 | POINT (-121.7872 36.9325) |
| 95 | 20050808 | 2991 | 0.054 | POINT (-119.1431 34.2522) |
| 96 | 20050808 | 2992 | 0.046 | POINT (-120.4258 34.7233) |
| 97 | 20050808 | 2993 | 0.067 | POINT (-120.7644 38.3427) |
| 98 | 20050808 | 2996 | 0.073 | POINT (-120.8364 37.4883) |
| 99 | 20050808 | 2997 | 0.050 | POINT (-115.5164 32.6739) |
| 100 | 20050808 | 3002 | 0.105 | POINT (-120.9541 39.0997) |
| 101 | 20050808 | 3003 | 0.029 | POINT (-119.4572 34.4033) |
| 102 | 20050808 | 3009 | 0.102 | POINT (-119.7731 36.7819) |
| 103 | 20050808 | 3010 | 0.055 | POINT (-123.2002 39.1447) |
| 104 | 20050808 | 3011 | 0.053 | POINT (-121.4936 38.568) |
| 105 | 20050808 | 3017 | 0.090 | POINT (-120.8219 38.7247) |
| 106 | 20050808 | 3018 | 0.063 | POINT (-119.7058 37.7133) |
| 107 | 20050808 | 3020 | 0.055 | POINT (-120.9441 39.9397) |
| 108 | 20050808 | 3022 | 0.082 | POINT (-120.4336 37.2817) |
| 109 | 20050808 | 3023 | 0.041 | POINT (-120.6327 34.5961) |
| 110 | 20050808 | 3026 | 0.097 | POINT (-119.7164 36.8194) |
| 111 | 20050808 | 3032 | 0.079 | POINT (-122.2986 40.4531) |
| 112 | 20050808 | 3036 | 0.097 | POINT (-118.773 36.564) |
| 113 | 20050808 | 3101 | 0.056 | POINT (-120.0458 34.4897) |
| 114 | 20050808 | 3116 | 0.036 | POINT (-123.3497 39.4044) |
| 115 | 20050808 | 3117 | 0.078 | POINT (-121.75 39.1583) |
| 116 | 20050808 | 3121 | 0.061 | POINT (-118.1478 35.0503) |
| 117 | 20050808 | 3124 | 0.066 | POINT (-116.0553 34.1419) |
| 118 | 20050808 | 3126 | 0.092 | POINT (-121.0555 39.2336) |
| 119 | 20050808 | 3129 | 0.070 | POINT (-119.6436 36.3147) |
| 120 | 20050808 | 3133 | 0.039 | POINT (-122.0144 37.0522) |
| 121 | 20050808 | 3135 | 0.096 | POINT (-115.4831 32.6761) |
| 122 | 20050808 | 3137 | 0.065 | POINT (-122.1897 39.5172) |
| 123 | 20050808 | 3138 | 0.043 | POINT (-116.9869 32.5308) |
| 124 | 20050808 | 3140 | 0.067 | POINT (-121.5999 37.0794) |
| 125 | 20050808 | 3141 | 0.049 | POINT (-116.9763 32.4975) |
| 126 | 20050808 | 3143 | 0.086 | POINT (-115.6236 33.0325) |
| 127 | 20050808 | 3144 | 0.079 | POINT (-120.6802 38.2019) |
| 128 | 20050808 | 3145 | 0.073 | POINT (-119.0144 35.3853) |
| 129 | 20050808 | 3146 | 0.081 | POINT (-119.0627 35.3566) |
| 130 | 20050808 | 3151 | 0.080 | POINT (-116.8478 36.5089) |
| 131 | 20050808 | 3152 | 0.073 | POINT (-116.3888 34.0694) |
| 132 | 20050808 | 3153 | 0.043 | POINT (-119.8283 34.4455) |
| 133 | 20050808 | 3157 | 0.083 | POINT (-120.8456 39.3181) |
| 134 | 20050808 | 3158 | 0.080 | POINT (-122.0928 40.2622) |
| 135 | 20050808 | 3161 | 0.068 | POINT (-119.8416 37.5466) |
| 136 | 20050808 | 3168 | 0.077 | POINT (-116.8583 33.9208) |
| 137 | 20050808 | 3172 | 0.077 | POINT (-119.2458 34.4166) |
| 138 | 20050808 | 3178 | 0.048 | POINT (-117.1163 32.5136) |
| 139 | 20050808 | 3183 | 0.046 | POINT (-117.0558 32.3533) |
| 140 | 20050808 | 3186 | 0.066 | POINT (-115.5453 33.2136) |
| 141 | 20050808 | 3187 | 0.102 | POINT (-121.1644 38.683) |
| 142 | 20050808 | 3196 | 0.111 | POINT (-121 38.8906) |
| 143 | 20050808 | 3197 | 0.079 | POINT (-122.2366 40.1749) |
| 144 | 20050808 | 3198 | 0.047 | POINT (-117.3961 33.2169) |
| 145 | 20050808 | 3200 | 0.037 | POINT (-121.9908 36.9839) |
| 146 | 20050808 | 3209 | 0.067 | POINT (-121.2277 38.4719) |
| 147 | 20050808 | 3211 | 0.071 | POINT (-120.01 36.8672) |
| 148 | 20050808 | 3215 | 0.072 | POINT (-117.3722 35.7744) |
| 149 | 20050808 | 3223 | 0.100 | POINT (-121.5144 38.6366) |
| 150 | 20050808 | 3249 | 0.071 | POINT (-121.7305 38.6605) |
| 151 | 20050808 | 3251 | 0.038 | POINT (-120.5008 35.0316) |
| 152 | 20050808 | 3255 | 0.074 | POINT (-116.6186 32.575) |
| 153 | 20050808 | 3265 | 0.075 | POINT (-117.6755 33.6297) |
| 154 | 20050808 | 3415 | 0.035 | POINT (-122.0758 38.2269) |
| 155 | 20050808 | 3484 | 0.100 | POINT (-118.8341 36.4911) |
| 156 | 20050808 | 3486 | 0.036 | POINT (-120.4355 34.943) |
| 157 | 20050808 | 3487 | 0.058 | POINT (-120.0331 38.8117) |
| 158 | 20050808 | 3489 | 0.035 | POINT (-121.6233 36.6941) |
| 159 | 20050808 | 3490 | 0.049 | POINT (-121.78 37.68) |
| 160 | 20050808 | 3491 | 0.079 | POINT (-121.6177 39.7141) |
| 161 | 20050808 | 3500 | 0.084 | POINT (-117.325 34.5122) |
| 162 | 20050808 | 3502 | 0.112 | POINT (-118.5283 34.3833) |
| 163 | 20050808 | 3505 | 0.082 | POINT (-118.8097 34.4044) |
| 164 | 20050808 | 3507 | 0.028 | POINT (-122.0511 37.3558) |
| 165 | 20050808 | 3658 | 0.111 | POINT (-118.1305 34.6713) |
| 166 | 20050808 | 3661 | 0.037 | POINT (-121.8947 37.3483) |
| 167 | 20050808 | 3664 | 0.051 | POINT (-119.5938 37.743) |
| 168 | 20050808 | 3665 | 0.044 | POINT (-119.6908 34.4278) |
| 169 | 20050808 | 3668 | 0.027 | POINT (-122.3566 37.9602) |
| 170 | 20050808 | 3673 | 0.053 | POINT (-114.6005 33.6121) |
| 171 | 20050808 | 3674 | 0.080 | POINT (-117.9384 33.8306) |
| 172 | 20050808 | 3678 | 0.044 | POINT (-121.95 38.3583) |
| 173 | 20050808 | 3683 | 0.059 | POINT (-118.0433 33.9508) |
| 174 | 20050808 | 3685 | 0.055 | POINT (-119.9952 38.9102) |
| 175 | 20050808 | 3690 | 0.054 | POINT (-117.1527 32.7013) |
Plotting the density shows that the average concentration of ozone is about 0.065, and has multiple peaks, such as at concentrations of 0.036,0.059, and 0.079. This likely helps to establish the average since both high peaks are on either side of the mean.
Plotting the ozone concentration data in leaflet and overlaying a heatmap shows that the highest concentrations of ozone occur in the Los Angeles, and Sacramento areas.
To get a different look on the spatial ozone concentration, a kernel density plot was created. This shows the two high concentration areas as the previous plot (Los Angeles, and Sacramento), but also gives a better picture of the areas around the two cities. Looking a the two peaks, we can see that one peak (Sacramento) tapers off quickly as we move away, while the other peak (Los Angeles) tapers off more gradually.
To see how the ozone concentration has changed over time, historic data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) was used along with global temperature anomaly data from NASA. Looking at the data table below, we see that the data consists of date, location, annual average ozone concentration, latitude, longitude, ground elevation, and the temperature change columns.
| Date | LOCATION | ANNUAL | LATITUDE | LONGITUDE | ELEVATION | Lowess | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1980 | 2008 | 0.120 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.20 |
| 2 | 1980 | 2460 | 0.230 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.20 |
| 3 | 1980 | 2899 | 0.290 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.20 |
| 4 | 1980 | 2898 | 0.370 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.20 |
| 5 | 1980 | 2655 | 0.120 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.20 |
| 6 | 1980 | 2525 | 0.290 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.20 |
| 7 | 1980 | 2249 | 0.310 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.20 |
| 8 | 1980 | 2589 | 0.160 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.20 |
| 9 | 1980 | 2991 | 0.130 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.20 |
| 10 | 1980 | 2499 | 0.320 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.20 |
| 11 | 1980 | 2420 | 0.380 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.20 |
| 12 | 1980 | 2040 | 0.180 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.20 |
| 13 | 1980 | 2484 | 0.410 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.20 |
| 14 | 1980 | 2596 | 0.370 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.20 |
| 15 | 1980 | 2492 | 0.350 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.20 |
| 16 | 1980 | 2199 | 0.210 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.20 |
| 17 | 1980 | 2125 | 0.150 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.20 |
| 18 | 1980 | 2293 | 0.190 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.20 |
| 19 | 1980 | 2102 | 0.130 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.20 |
| 20 | 1980 | 2410 | 0.140 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.20 |
| 21 | 1981 | 2410 | 0.120 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.21 |
| 22 | 1981 | 2199 | 0.190 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.21 |
| 23 | 1981 | 2525 | 0.240 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.21 |
| 24 | 1981 | 2484 | 0.350 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.21 |
| 25 | 1981 | 2293 | 0.160 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.21 |
| 26 | 1981 | 2125 | 0.130 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.21 |
| 27 | 1981 | 2420 | 0.250 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.21 |
| 28 | 1981 | 2460 | 0.190 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.21 |
| 29 | 1981 | 2249 | 0.270 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.21 |
| 30 | 1981 | 2102 | 0.110 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.21 |
| 31 | 1981 | 2008 | 0.110 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.21 |
| 32 | 1981 | 2655 | 0.110 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.21 |
| 33 | 1981 | 2499 | 0.350 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.21 |
| 34 | 1981 | 2040 | 0.200 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.21 |
| 35 | 1981 | 2596 | 0.300 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.21 |
| 36 | 1981 | 2589 | 0.170 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.21 |
| 37 | 1981 | 2898 | 0.330 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.21 |
| 38 | 1981 | 2492 | 0.270 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.21 |
| 39 | 1981 | 2991 | 0.160 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.21 |
| 40 | 1981 | 2899 | 0.320 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.21 |
| 41 | 1982 | 2199 | 0.190 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.22 |
| 42 | 1982 | 2040 | 0.230 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.22 |
| 43 | 1982 | 2102 | 0.100 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.22 |
| 44 | 1982 | 2410 | 0.100 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.22 |
| 45 | 1982 | 2008 | 0.150 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.22 |
| 46 | 1982 | 2249 | 0.320 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.22 |
| 47 | 1982 | 2484 | 0.360 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.22 |
| 48 | 1982 | 2125 | 0.100 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.22 |
| 49 | 1982 | 2492 | 0.250 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.22 |
| 50 | 1982 | 2589 | 0.200 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.22 |
| 51 | 1982 | 2525 | 0.280 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.22 |
| 52 | 1982 | 2293 | 0.140 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.22 |
| 53 | 1982 | 2499 | 0.320 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.22 |
| 54 | 1982 | 2596 | 0.310 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.22 |
| 55 | 1982 | 2420 | 0.220 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.22 |
| 56 | 1982 | 2460 | 0.180 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.22 |
| 57 | 1982 | 2991 | 0.150 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.22 |
| 59 | 1982 | 2899 | 0.400 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.22 |
| 60 | 1982 | 2898 | 0.310 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.22 |
| 61 | 1983 | 2008 | 0.140 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.21 |
| 62 | 1983 | 2102 | 0.140 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.21 |
| 63 | 1983 | 2125 | 0.170 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.21 |
| 64 | 1983 | 2293 | 0.160 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.21 |
| 65 | 1983 | 2040 | 0.280 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.21 |
| 66 | 1983 | 2484 | 0.390 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.21 |
| 67 | 1983 | 2460 | 0.180 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.21 |
| 68 | 1983 | 2249 | 0.270 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.21 |
| 69 | 1983 | 2199 | 0.190 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.21 |
| 70 | 1983 | 2525 | 0.260 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.21 |
| 71 | 1983 | 2655 | 0.110 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.21 |
| 72 | 1983 | 2492 | 0.310 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.21 |
| 73 | 1983 | 2410 | 0.130 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.21 |
| 74 | 1983 | 2420 | 0.260 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.21 |
| 75 | 1983 | 2898 | 0.340 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.21 |
| 76 | 1983 | 2499 | 0.280 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.21 |
| 77 | 1983 | 2589 | 0.210 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.21 |
| 78 | 1983 | 2899 | 0.260 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.21 |
| 79 | 1983 | 2991 | 0.150 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.21 |
| 80 | 1983 | 2596 | 0.360 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.21 |
| 81 | 1984 | 2040 | 0.280 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.21 |
| 82 | 1984 | 2199 | 0.200 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.21 |
| 83 | 1984 | 2008 | 0.140 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.21 |
| 84 | 1984 | 2125 | 0.110 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.21 |
| 85 | 1984 | 2102 | 0.160 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.21 |
| 86 | 1984 | 2249 | 0.320 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.21 |
| 87 | 1984 | 2410 | 0.140 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.21 |
| 88 | 1984 | 2484 | 0.310 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.21 |
| 89 | 1984 | 2293 | 0.150 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.21 |
| 90 | 1984 | 2460 | 0.160 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.21 |
| 91 | 1984 | 2492 | 0.260 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.21 |
| 92 | 1984 | 2589 | 0.150 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.21 |
| 93 | 1984 | 2525 | 0.220 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.21 |
| 94 | 1984 | 2655 | 0.110 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.21 |
| 95 | 1984 | 2499 | 0.340 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.21 |
| 96 | 1984 | 2596 | 0.320 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.21 |
| 97 | 1984 | 2420 | 0.260 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.21 |
| 98 | 1984 | 2898 | 0.310 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.21 |
| 99 | 1984 | 2991 | 0.140 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.21 |
| 100 | 1984 | 2899 | 0.290 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.21 |
| 101 | 1985 | 2008 | 0.130 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.22 |
| 102 | 1985 | 2040 | 0.220 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.22 |
| 103 | 1985 | 2199 | 0.240 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.22 |
| 104 | 1985 | 2410 | 0.120 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.22 |
| 105 | 1985 | 2125 | 0.130 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.22 |
| 106 | 1985 | 2102 | 0.140 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.22 |
| 107 | 1985 | 2293 | 0.150 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.22 |
| 108 | 1985 | 2249 | 0.340 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.22 |
| 109 | 1985 | 2492 | 0.300 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.22 |
| 110 | 1985 | 2484 | 0.360 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.22 |
| 111 | 1985 | 2525 | 0.290 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.22 |
| 112 | 1985 | 2460 | 0.220 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.22 |
| 113 | 1985 | 2655 | 0.110 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.22 |
| 114 | 1985 | 2499 | 0.300 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.22 |
| 115 | 1985 | 2589 | 0.200 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.22 |
| 116 | 1985 | 2420 | 0.250 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.22 |
| 117 | 1985 | 2898 | 0.330 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.22 |
| 118 | 1985 | 2991 | 0.150 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.22 |
| 119 | 1985 | 2596 | 0.350 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.22 |
| 120 | 1985 | 2899 | 0.300 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.22 |
| 121 | 1986 | 2040 | 0.150 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.24 |
| 122 | 1986 | 2199 | 0.180 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.24 |
| 123 | 1986 | 2008 | 0.110 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.24 |
| 124 | 1986 | 2293 | 0.140 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.24 |
| 126 | 1986 | 2125 | 0.100 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.24 |
| 127 | 1986 | 2102 | 0.100 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.24 |
| 128 | 1986 | 2499 | 0.260 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.24 |
| 129 | 1986 | 2249 | 0.250 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.24 |
| 130 | 1986 | 2460 | 0.160 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.24 |
| 131 | 1986 | 2484 | 0.310 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.24 |
| 132 | 1986 | 2898 | 0.270 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.24 |
| 133 | 1986 | 2525 | 0.220 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.24 |
| 134 | 1986 | 2420 | 0.220 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.24 |
| 135 | 1986 | 2492 | 0.280 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.24 |
| 136 | 1986 | 2899 | 0.220 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.24 |
| 137 | 1986 | 2589 | 0.140 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.24 |
| 138 | 1986 | 2596 | 0.250 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.24 |
| 140 | 1986 | 2991 | 0.180 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.24 |
| 141 | 1987 | 2410 | 0.110 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.27 |
| 142 | 1987 | 2008 | 0.170 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.27 |
| 143 | 1987 | 2040 | 0.170 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.27 |
| 144 | 1987 | 2484 | 0.300 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.27 |
| 145 | 1987 | 2199 | 0.170 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.27 |
| 146 | 1987 | 2102 | 0.150 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.27 |
| 147 | 1987 | 2460 | 0.170 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.27 |
| 148 | 1987 | 2492 | 0.230 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.27 |
| 149 | 1987 | 2125 | 0.120 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.27 |
| 150 | 1987 | 2249 | 0.240 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.27 |
| 151 | 1987 | 2589 | 0.160 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.27 |
| 152 | 1987 | 2420 | 0.220 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.27 |
| 153 | 1987 | 2293 | 0.160 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.27 |
| 154 | 1987 | 2525 | 0.200 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.27 |
| 155 | 1987 | 2991 | 0.180 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.27 |
| 156 | 1987 | 2596 | 0.290 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.27 |
| 157 | 1987 | 2655 | 0.110 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.27 |
| 158 | 1987 | 2499 | 0.290 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.27 |
| 159 | 1987 | 2899 | 0.220 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.27 |
| 160 | 1987 | 2898 | 0.290 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.27 |
| 161 | 1988 | 2199 | 0.200 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.31 |
| 162 | 1988 | 2008 | 0.110 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.31 |
| 163 | 1988 | 2410 | 0.120 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.31 |
| 164 | 1988 | 2125 | 0.100 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.31 |
| 165 | 1988 | 2102 | 0.120 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.31 |
| 166 | 1988 | 2040 | 0.220 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.31 |
| 167 | 1988 | 2484 | 0.300 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.31 |
| 168 | 1988 | 2293 | 0.130 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.31 |
| 169 | 1988 | 2249 | 0.290 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.31 |
| 170 | 1988 | 2655 | 0.100 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.31 |
| 171 | 1988 | 2525 | 0.230 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.31 |
| 172 | 1988 | 2460 | 0.190 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.31 |
| 173 | 1988 | 2492 | 0.240 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.31 |
| 174 | 1988 | 2596 | 0.280 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.31 |
| 175 | 1988 | 2499 | 0.290 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.31 |
| 176 | 1988 | 2589 | 0.220 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.31 |
| 177 | 1988 | 2420 | 0.250 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.31 |
| 178 | 1988 | 2898 | 0.290 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.31 |
| 179 | 1988 | 2991 | 0.160 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.31 |
| 180 | 1988 | 2899 | 0.210 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.31 |
| 181 | 1989 | 2410 | 0.120 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.33 |
| 182 | 1989 | 2199 | 0.190 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.33 |
| 183 | 1989 | 2484 | 0.330 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.33 |
| 184 | 1989 | 2125 | 0.100 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.33 |
| 185 | 1989 | 2040 | 0.230 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.33 |
| 186 | 1989 | 2525 | 0.210 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.33 |
| 187 | 1989 | 2293 | 0.120 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 188 | 1989 | 2008 | 0.190 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 189 | 1989 | 2589 | 0.160 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.33 |
| 190 | 1989 | 2420 | 0.230 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.33 |
| 191 | 1989 | 2460 | 0.200 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.33 |
| 192 | 1989 | 2102 | 0.110 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.33 |
| 193 | 1989 | 2898 | 0.250 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.33 |
| 194 | 1989 | 2991 | 0.190 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.33 |
| 195 | 1989 | 2655 | 0.100 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.33 |
| 196 | 1989 | 2249 | 0.260 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.33 |
| 197 | 1989 | 2596 | 0.270 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.33 |
| 198 | 1989 | 2492 | 0.200 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.33 |
| 199 | 1989 | 2899 | 0.250 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.33 |
| 200 | 1989 | 2499 | 0.270 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.33 |
| 201 | 1990 | 2199 | 0.170 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.33 |
| 202 | 1990 | 2008 | 0.110 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 203 | 1990 | 2410 | 0.110 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.33 |
| 205 | 1990 | 2484 | 0.230 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.33 |
| 206 | 1990 | 2293 | 0.130 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 207 | 1990 | 2040 | 0.200 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.33 |
| 208 | 1990 | 2589 | 0.150 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.33 |
| 209 | 1990 | 2525 | 0.190 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.33 |
| 210 | 1990 | 2460 | 0.170 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.33 |
| 211 | 1990 | 2102 | 0.110 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.33 |
| 212 | 1990 | 2596 | 0.290 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.33 |
| 213 | 1990 | 2420 | 0.190 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.33 |
| 215 | 1990 | 2249 | 0.210 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.33 |
| 216 | 1990 | 2899 | 0.200 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.33 |
| 217 | 1990 | 2898 | 0.240 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.33 |
| 218 | 1990 | 2492 | 0.200 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.33 |
| 219 | 1990 | 2499 | 0.330 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.33 |
| 220 | 1990 | 2991 | 0.120 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.33 |
| 221 | 1991 | 2008 | 0.110 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 222 | 1991 | 2199 | 0.180 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.33 |
| 224 | 1991 | 2040 | 0.180 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.33 |
| 226 | 1991 | 2293 | 0.120 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 227 | 1991 | 2249 | 0.210 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.33 |
| 228 | 1991 | 2484 | 0.280 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.33 |
| 229 | 1991 | 2525 | 0.200 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.33 |
| 230 | 1991 | 2460 | 0.150 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.33 |
| 231 | 1991 | 2410 | 0.110 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.33 |
| 232 | 1991 | 2420 | 0.220 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.33 |
| 233 | 1991 | 2655 | 0.110 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.33 |
| 234 | 1991 | 2499 | 0.270 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.33 |
| 235 | 1991 | 2492 | 0.220 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.33 |
| 236 | 1991 | 2898 | 0.240 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.33 |
| 237 | 1991 | 2991 | 0.120 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.33 |
| 238 | 1991 | 2596 | 0.240 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.33 |
| 239 | 1991 | 2589 | 0.150 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.33 |
| 240 | 1991 | 2899 | 0.190 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.33 |
| 242 | 1992 | 2991 | 0.141 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.33 |
| 243 | 1992 | 2898 | 0.260 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.33 |
| 244 | 1992 | 2420 | 0.170 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.33 |
| 245 | 1992 | 2040 | 0.160 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.33 |
| 246 | 1992 | 2899 | 0.200 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.33 |
| 247 | 1992 | 2596 | 0.260 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.33 |
| 248 | 1992 | 2484 | 0.270 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.33 |
| 249 | 1992 | 2199 | 0.150 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.33 |
| 250 | 1992 | 2008 | 0.130 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 251 | 1992 | 2589 | 0.150 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.33 |
| 252 | 1992 | 2460 | 0.170 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.33 |
| 253 | 1992 | 2410 | 0.100 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.33 |
| 255 | 1992 | 2525 | 0.210 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.33 |
| 256 | 1992 | 2499 | 0.280 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.33 |
| 257 | 1992 | 2293 | 0.120 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 258 | 1992 | 2249 | 0.210 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.33 |
| 259 | 1992 | 2102 | 0.110 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.33 |
| 260 | 1992 | 2492 | 0.220 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.33 |
| 261 | 1993 | 2525 | 0.200 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.33 |
| 262 | 1993 | 2499 | 0.240 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.33 |
| 263 | 1993 | 2492 | 0.180 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.33 |
| 264 | 1993 | 2199 | 0.170 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.33 |
| 265 | 1993 | 2460 | 0.187 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.33 |
| 266 | 1993 | 2899 | 0.160 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.33 |
| 267 | 1993 | 2125 | 0.100 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.33 |
| 268 | 1993 | 2102 | 0.130 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.33 |
| 269 | 1993 | 2008 | 0.110 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 270 | 1993 | 2249 | 0.190 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.33 |
| 271 | 1993 | 2589 | 0.133 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.33 |
| 272 | 1993 | 2991 | 0.138 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.33 |
| 273 | 1993 | 2898 | 0.210 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.33 |
| 274 | 1993 | 2655 | 0.120 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.33 |
| 275 | 1993 | 2040 | 0.146 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.33 |
| 276 | 1993 | 2484 | 0.240 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.33 |
| 277 | 1993 | 2596 | 0.260 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.33 |
| 278 | 1993 | 2420 | 0.190 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.33 |
| 279 | 1993 | 2410 | 0.110 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.33 |
| 280 | 1993 | 2293 | 0.130 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.33 |
| 281 | 1994 | 2420 | 0.140 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.34 |
| 282 | 1994 | 2898 | 0.241 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.34 |
| 284 | 1994 | 2525 | 0.184 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.34 |
| 285 | 1994 | 2410 | 0.100 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.34 |
| 286 | 1994 | 2293 | 0.120 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.34 |
| 288 | 1994 | 2499 | 0.265 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.34 |
| 289 | 1994 | 2484 | 0.251 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.34 |
| 290 | 1994 | 2249 | 0.252 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.34 |
| 291 | 1994 | 2991 | 0.115 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.34 |
| 292 | 1994 | 2596 | 0.253 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.34 |
| 293 | 1994 | 2460 | 0.147 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.34 |
| 294 | 1994 | 2199 | 0.165 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.34 |
| 295 | 1994 | 2040 | 0.102 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.34 |
| 296 | 1994 | 2899 | 0.193 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.34 |
| 297 | 1994 | 2492 | 0.167 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.34 |
| 298 | 1994 | 2102 | 0.111 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.34 |
| 299 | 1994 | 2008 | 0.106 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.34 |
| 301 | 1995 | 2040 | 0.120 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.37 |
| 302 | 1995 | 2249 | 0.160 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.37 |
| 303 | 1995 | 2199 | 0.160 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.37 |
| 304 | 1995 | 2008 | 0.135 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.37 |
| 305 | 1995 | 2102 | 0.124 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.37 |
| 306 | 1995 | 2420 | 0.145 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.37 |
| 307 | 1995 | 2410 | 0.133 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.37 |
| 308 | 1995 | 2125 | 0.140 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.37 |
| 309 | 1995 | 2492 | 0.165 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.37 |
| 310 | 1995 | 2499 | 0.256 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.37 |
| 311 | 1995 | 2484 | 0.212 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.37 |
| 312 | 1995 | 2293 | 0.153 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.37 |
| 313 | 1995 | 2460 | 0.146 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.37 |
| 314 | 1995 | 2589 | 0.140 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.37 |
| 315 | 1995 | 2525 | 0.202 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.37 |
| 316 | 1995 | 2655 | 0.130 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.37 |
| 317 | 1995 | 2899 | 0.167 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.37 |
| 318 | 1995 | 2898 | 0.215 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.37 |
| 319 | 1995 | 2596 | 0.213 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.37 |
| 320 | 1995 | 2991 | 0.124 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.37 |
| 321 | 1996 | 2008 | 0.120 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.40 |
| 322 | 1996 | 2410 | 0.112 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.40 |
| 323 | 1996 | 2420 | 0.205 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.40 |
| 324 | 1996 | 2102 | 0.121 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.40 |
| 325 | 1996 | 2040 | 0.120 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.40 |
| 327 | 1996 | 2125 | 0.097 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.40 |
| 328 | 1996 | 2492 | 0.142 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.40 |
| 329 | 1996 | 2199 | 0.160 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.40 |
| 330 | 1996 | 2898 | 0.187 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.40 |
| 331 | 1996 | 2484 | 0.196 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.40 |
| 332 | 1996 | 2293 | 0.100 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.40 |
| 333 | 1996 | 2249 | 0.150 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.40 |
| 334 | 1996 | 2899 | 0.144 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.40 |
| 335 | 1996 | 2525 | 0.180 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.40 |
| 336 | 1996 | 2460 | 0.138 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.40 |
| 338 | 1996 | 2499 | 0.234 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.40 |
| 339 | 1996 | 2991 | 0.121 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.40 |
| 340 | 1996 | 2596 | 0.203 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.40 |
| 341 | 1997 | 2410 | 0.103 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.42 |
| 342 | 1997 | 2040 | 0.115 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.42 |
| 343 | 1997 | 2420 | 0.121 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.42 |
| 344 | 1997 | 2199 | 0.155 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.42 |
| 345 | 1997 | 2589 | 0.117 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.42 |
| 349 | 1997 | 2898 | 0.156 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.42 |
| 350 | 1997 | 2484 | 0.162 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.42 |
| 351 | 1997 | 2492 | 0.134 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.42 |
| 352 | 1997 | 2249 | 0.134 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.42 |
| 353 | 1997 | 2991 | 0.102 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.42 |
| 354 | 1997 | 2525 | 0.136 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.42 |
| 355 | 1997 | 2293 | 0.109 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.42 |
| 356 | 1997 | 2899 | 0.120 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.42 |
| 358 | 1997 | 2460 | 0.136 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.42 |
| 359 | 1997 | 2596 | 0.187 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.42 |
| 360 | 1997 | 2499 | 0.205 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.42 |
| 361 | 1998 | 2040 | 0.125 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.44 |
| 363 | 1998 | 2102 | 0.097 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.44 |
| 364 | 1998 | 2492 | 0.177 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.44 |
| 365 | 1998 | 2249 | 0.182 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.44 |
| 366 | 1998 | 2410 | 0.119 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.44 |
| 367 | 1998 | 2199 | 0.173 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.44 |
| 368 | 1998 | 2420 | 0.161 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.44 |
| 369 | 1998 | 2484 | 0.195 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.44 |
| 370 | 1998 | 2293 | 0.115 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.44 |
| 373 | 1998 | 2525 | 0.149 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.44 |
| 374 | 1998 | 2460 | 0.164 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.44 |
| 375 | 1998 | 2899 | 0.148 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.44 |
| 376 | 1998 | 2898 | 0.184 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.44 |
| 377 | 1998 | 2655 | 0.125 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.44 |
| 378 | 1998 | 2499 | 0.244 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.44 |
| 379 | 1998 | 2991 | 0.106 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.44 |
| 380 | 1998 | 2596 | 0.195 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.44 |
| 382 | 1999 | 2040 | 0.104 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.47 |
| 383 | 1999 | 2410 | 0.113 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.47 |
| 385 | 1999 | 2199 | 0.126 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.47 |
| 386 | 1999 | 2008 | 0.088 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.47 |
| 387 | 1999 | 2293 | 0.133 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.47 |
| 388 | 1999 | 2525 | 0.112 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.47 |
| 389 | 1999 | 2492 | 0.120 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.47 |
| 390 | 1999 | 2249 | 0.116 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.47 |
| 391 | 1999 | 2589 | 0.105 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.47 |
| 392 | 1999 | 2655 | 0.115 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.47 |
| 393 | 1999 | 2420 | 0.100 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.47 |
| 394 | 1999 | 2484 | 0.137 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.47 |
| 395 | 1999 | 2898 | 0.141 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.47 |
| 396 | 1999 | 2596 | 0.142 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.47 |
| 397 | 1999 | 2460 | 0.124 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.47 |
| 398 | 1999 | 2899 | 0.128 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.47 |
| 399 | 1999 | 2991 | 0.103 | 34.25220 | -119.1431 | 34 | 0.47 |
| 400 | 1999 | 2499 | 0.174 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.47 |
| 402 | 2000 | 2125 | 0.083 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.50 |
| 403 | 2000 | 2199 | 0.124 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.50 |
| 404 | 2000 | 2249 | 0.137 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.50 |
| 405 | 2000 | 2040 | 0.118 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.50 |
| 406 | 2000 | 2420 | 0.109 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.50 |
| 407 | 2000 | 2492 | 0.152 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.50 |
| 408 | 2000 | 2293 | 0.102 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.50 |
| 409 | 2000 | 2102 | 0.107 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.50 |
| 410 | 2000 | 2460 | 0.121 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.50 |
| 411 | 2000 | 2484 | 0.174 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.50 |
| 413 | 2000 | 2410 | 0.079 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.50 |
| 414 | 2000 | 2898 | 0.152 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.50 |
| 416 | 2000 | 2499 | 0.176 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.50 |
| 417 | 2000 | 2525 | 0.164 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.50 |
| 419 | 2000 | 2596 | 0.140 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.50 |
| 420 | 2000 | 2899 | 0.136 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.50 |
| 421 | 2001 | 2040 | 0.135 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.52 |
| 422 | 2001 | 2199 | 0.137 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.52 |
| 424 | 2001 | 2102 | 0.118 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.52 |
| 425 | 2001 | 2492 | 0.129 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.52 |
| 426 | 2001 | 2249 | 0.114 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.52 |
| 428 | 2001 | 2125 | 0.105 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.52 |
| 429 | 2001 | 2484 | 0.189 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.52 |
| 430 | 2001 | 2293 | 0.109 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.52 |
| 431 | 2001 | 2460 | 0.135 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.52 |
| 432 | 2001 | 2420 | 0.140 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.52 |
| 433 | 2001 | 2589 | 0.102 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.52 |
| 434 | 2001 | 2525 | 0.152 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.52 |
| 435 | 2001 | 2898 | 0.144 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.52 |
| 437 | 2001 | 2499 | 0.170 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.52 |
| 438 | 2001 | 2596 | 0.143 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.52 |
| 439 | 2001 | 2899 | 0.116 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.52 |
| 441 | 2002 | 2040 | 0.112 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.55 |
| 443 | 2002 | 2102 | 0.111 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.55 |
| 444 | 2002 | 2492 | 0.128 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.55 |
| 445 | 2002 | 2199 | 0.136 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.55 |
| 446 | 2002 | 2410 | 0.109 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.55 |
| 448 | 2002 | 2293 | 0.110 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.55 |
| 449 | 2002 | 2249 | 0.121 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.55 |
| 450 | 2002 | 2420 | 0.152 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.55 |
| 451 | 2002 | 2484 | 0.136 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.55 |
| 452 | 2002 | 2525 | 0.147 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.55 |
| 453 | 2002 | 2460 | 0.121 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.55 |
| 454 | 2002 | 2499 | 0.161 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.55 |
| 455 | 2002 | 2589 | 0.115 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.55 |
| 456 | 2002 | 2898 | 0.150 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.55 |
| 457 | 2002 | 2655 | 0.116 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.55 |
| 459 | 2002 | 2596 | 0.155 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.55 |
| 460 | 2002 | 2899 | 0.122 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.55 |
| 461 | 2003 | 2199 | 0.141 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.58 |
| 463 | 2003 | 2040 | 0.107 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.58 |
| 464 | 2003 | 2249 | 0.165 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.58 |
| 465 | 2003 | 2410 | 0.101 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.58 |
| 467 | 2003 | 2492 | 0.134 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.58 |
| 468 | 2003 | 2499 | 0.163 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.58 |
| 469 | 2003 | 2420 | 0.179 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.58 |
| 470 | 2003 | 2125 | 0.113 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.58 |
| 471 | 2003 | 2293 | 0.123 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.58 |
| 472 | 2003 | 2596 | 0.169 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.58 |
| 474 | 2003 | 2484 | 0.150 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.58 |
| 475 | 2003 | 2460 | 0.125 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.58 |
| 476 | 2003 | 2899 | 0.152 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.58 |
| 477 | 2003 | 2525 | 0.155 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.58 |
| 478 | 2003 | 2655 | 0.105 | 38.31139 | -122.2942 | 22 | 0.58 |
| 479 | 2003 | 2898 | 0.161 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.58 |
| 482 | 2004 | 2040 | 0.105 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.61 |
| 483 | 2004 | 2125 | 0.097 | 37.48250 | -122.2033 | 9 | 0.61 |
| 484 | 2004 | 2008 | 0.109 | 34.46222 | -120.0258 | 24 | 0.61 |
| 485 | 2004 | 2484 | 0.134 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.61 |
| 486 | 2004 | 2492 | 0.137 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.61 |
| 487 | 2004 | 2199 | 0.125 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.61 |
| 488 | 2004 | 2410 | 0.104 | 38.10250 | -122.2381 | 30 | 0.61 |
| 489 | 2004 | 2525 | 0.128 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.61 |
| 492 | 2004 | 2420 | 0.131 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.61 |
| 494 | 2004 | 2460 | 0.106 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.61 |
| 495 | 2004 | 2589 | 0.097 | 32.63140 | -117.0592 | 56 | 0.61 |
| 497 | 2004 | 2499 | 0.163 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.61 |
| 498 | 2004 | 2898 | 0.131 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.61 |
| 499 | 2004 | 2899 | 0.110 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.61 |
| 500 | 2004 | 2596 | 0.141 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.61 |
| 503 | 2005 | 2420 | 0.138 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.62 |
| 506 | 2005 | 2199 | 0.139 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.62 |
| 507 | 2005 | 2899 | 0.121 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.62 |
| 511 | 2005 | 2898 | 0.140 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.62 |
| 513 | 2005 | 2484 | 0.145 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.62 |
| 514 | 2005 | 2492 | 0.142 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.62 |
| 516 | 2005 | 2525 | 0.126 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.62 |
| 517 | 2005 | 2460 | 0.113 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.62 |
| 518 | 2005 | 2293 | 0.105 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.62 |
| 519 | 2005 | 2596 | 0.144 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.62 |
| 520 | 2005 | 2499 | 0.182 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.62 |
| 521 | 2006 | 2499 | 0.164 | 34.24139 | -117.2756 | 1384 | 0.62 |
| 522 | 2006 | 2898 | 0.151 | 34.06667 | -117.7500 | 270 | 0.62 |
| 523 | 2006 | 2525 | 0.169 | 33.78889 | -117.2278 | 439 | 0.62 |
| 525 | 2006 | 2596 | 0.151 | 34.00056 | -117.4153 | 250 | 0.62 |
| 526 | 2006 | 2420 | 0.158 | 34.19917 | -118.5328 | 226 | 0.62 |
| 527 | 2006 | 2199 | 0.126 | 33.81944 | -116.4900 | 171 | 0.62 |
| 528 | 2006 | 2460 | 0.121 | 32.84220 | -116.7683 | 603 | 0.62 |
| 529 | 2006 | 2899 | 0.108 | 34.06640 | -118.2267 | 87 | 0.62 |
| 530 | 2006 | 2492 | 0.166 | 34.17580 | -118.3169 | 168 | 0.62 |
| 533 | 2006 | 2249 | 0.146 | 33.92528 | -117.9522 | 82 | 0.62 |
| 535 | 2006 | 2293 | 0.102 | 37.53583 | -121.9617 | 24 | 0.62 |
| 537 | 2006 | 2102 | 0.105 | 38.01694 | -121.8836 | 9 | 0.62 |
| 538 | 2006 | 2040 | 0.108 | 32.83640 | -117.1289 | 135 | 0.62 |
| 539 | 2006 | 2484 | 0.165 | 34.13640 | -117.9239 | 183 | 0.62 |
The animated plot below shows how the ozone concentration and global temperature has changed over time. This shows that on average the overall ozone concentration and range has decreased even though the global temperature has steadily increased. This could be due to many different variables but most likely is from stricter emissions regulations in California. Since ozone is formed from the reaction between UV and other air pollutants, reducing the concentration of air pollutants would reduce the ozone concentration even if UV intensity increased.
We saw previously that the annual average ozone concentration was decreasing and the range was narrowing. To see how the concentration at all locations has changed over time, the scatter plot below was created. This shows a steeps decrease in ozone concentration from the year 1980 to 2000, with a plateau from 2000 to 2005.
Looking at the correlation plot, we see that a few parameters are highly correlated (positive and negative), however many do not seem to be correlated at all. Of note, ozone appears to be negatively correlated with No, NOx and, NO2 which is to be expected since NOx will react in the atmosphere to produce ozone. Since there are some correlation between these contaminants, a simple linear regression model was trained to predict ozone concentrations given the other pollutant concentrations.
The linear regression model was trained using a 80:20 split for training and testing data at random time points throughout the main dataframe. The correlation between the actual ozone concentration and the predicted values was found to be 0.75. This correlation is not entirely bad, but other machine learning models may be able to get a better fit. By comparing the actual vs. predicted values over time, we see that the linear model follows the general trend of the concentrations, but does over fit occasionally.
XGBoost is a variation of the Gradient Boosted Decision Trees algorithm. Essentially, this work by going through cycles that repeatedly build new models and combine them into a group of models. The cycle begins by calculating the errors in an existing model for each observation in the data set. A new model is then built to predict these errors. The predictions are then moved from this error-predicting model to the group of models. This cycle continues for the number of iterations specified.
The model was built using a logistic regression objective function, with 32. The number of iterations was optimized by running cross validation on the dataset for 100 iterations and finding the stabilization point. Since this is time series data, the time data was split into month and year columns to account for seasonal variability. The correlation between the actual ozone concentration and the predicted was found to be 0.89. This value is much higher than the basic linear model and could be further optimized by varying other model parameters such as early stopping rounds, objective function, and max depth. When plotting the actual and predicted concentrations over time, we can see that the XGBoost model follows the actual trend much more closely than the linear model, but could still be tuned for proper fitting.